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''Sagittaria sagittifolia'' (also called arrowhead due to the shape of its leaves) is a flowering plant in the family Alismataceae, native to wetlands most of Europe from Ireland and Portugal to Finland and Bulgaria, as and in Russia, Ukraine, Siberia, Japan, Turkey, China, Australia, Vietnam and the Caucasus. It is also cultivated as a food crop in some other countries. In Britain it is the only native ''Sagittaria''.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, ''Sagittaria sagittifolia'' )〕〔(IUCN Red List of Threatened Plant Species, ''Sagittaria sagittifolia'' )〕 ''Sagittaria sagittifolia'' is a herbaceous perennial plant, growing in water from 10–50 cm deep. The leaves above water are arrowhead-shaped, the leaf blade 15–25 cm long and 10–22 cm broad, on a long petiole holding the leaf up to 45 cm above water level. The plant also has narrow linear submerged leaves, up to 80 cm long and 2 cm broad. The flowers are 2-2.5 cm broad, with three small sepals and three white petals, and numerous purple stamens. ==Cultivation and uses== The round tuber is edible. In Japan, it is known as Omodaka,オモダカ, 沢瀉, 澤瀉,面高 , and its tuber is eaten particularly on the Chinese New Year. It tastes bland, with a starchy texture, similar to a potato but somewhat crunchier, even when cooked. Remnants of ''Sagittaria sagittifolia'' have been found in the Paleolithic/Mesolithic site of Całowanie in Poland. Seven new ent-rosane diterpenoids and a new labdane diterpene were recently (2006) purified from the Chinese medicinal plant, ''Sagittaria sagittifolia'' (Alismaceae). Four of these compounds (Sagittine A–D) exhibited antibacterial activity against ''Streptococcus mutans'' and ''Actinomyces naeslundii'' while another (Sagittine E) was only active against ''A. naeslundii'' (MIC = 62.5 μg ml–1). Recently, the same group identified five new diterpenoids from ''Sagittaria pygmaea''. None of these displayed activity against ''A. actinomycetemcomitans'', while four of the others were active against ''A. viscosus'' and three were active against ''S. mutans'', of which 18-ß-D-3',6'-diacetoxyglucopyranosyl-ent-kaur-16-ene was the most active.〔B.Parimala Devi et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2009, 2(11),1669-1675 http://jpronline.info/article/view/906/708〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sagittaria sagittifolia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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